C Programming

Course Contents

Unit 1: Problem Solving with Computer (2 Hrs.)

Problem Analysis
Algorithms and Flowchart
Coding, Compilation, and Execution
History of C
Structure of a C Program
Debugging, Testing, and Documentation

Unit 2: Elements of C (4 Hrs.)

C Standards (ANSI C and C99)
C Character Set
C Tokens
Escape Sequences and Delimiters
Variables and Data Types (Basic, Derived, and User Defined)
Structure of a C Program
Executing a C Program
Constants/Literals
Expressions, Statements, and Comments

Unit 3: Input and Output (2 Hrs.)

Conversion Specification
Reading and Writing Characters
I/O Operations
Formatted I/O

Unit 4: Operators and Expressions (4 Hrs.)

Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical (Boolean) Operators
Assignment Operators
Ternary Operator
Bitwise Operators
Increment and Decrement Operators
Conditional Operator
Special Operators (sizeof and comma)
Evaluation of Expressions
Operator Precedence and Associativity

Unit 5: Control Statements (4 Hrs.)

Conditional Statements
Decision Making and Branching
Decision Making and Looping
Exit Function
Break and Continue

Unit 6: Arrays (6 Hrs.)

Introduction to Arrays
Types of Arrays (Single Dimensional and Multidimensional)
Declaration and Memory Representation of Arrays
Initialization of Arrays
Character Arrays and Strings
Reading and Writing Strings
Null Character
String Library Functions (String Length, String Copy, String Concatenation, String Compare)

Unit 7: Functions (5 Hrs.)

Library Functions
User-Defined Functions
Function Prototype, Function Call, and Function Definition
Nested and Recursive Functions
Function Arguments and Return Types
Passing Arrays to Functions
Passing Strings to Functions
Passing Arguments by Value and by Address
Scope, Visibility, and Lifetime of Variables
Local and Global Variables

Unit 8: Structure and Union (5 Hrs.)

Introduction to Structures
Array of Structures
Passing Structures to Functions
Passing Arrays of Structures to Functions
Nested Structures
Union
Pointer to Structure

Unit 9: Pointers (6 Hrs.)

Introduction to Pointers
The & and * Operators
Declaration of Pointers
Chain of Pointers
Pointer Arithmetic
Pointers and Arrays
Pointers and Character Strings
Array of Pointers
Pointers as Function Arguments
Functions Returning Pointers
Pointers and Structures
Dynamic Memory Allocation

Unit 10: File Handling in C (4 Hrs.)

Concept of Files
Opening and Closing Files
Input and Output Operations in Files
Random Access in Files
Error Handling in Files

Unit 11: Introduction to Graphics (3 Hrs.)

Concepts of Graphics
Graphics Initialization and Modes
Graphics Functions

Laboratory Works

This course requires extensive programming practice. Each topic must be accompanied by a practical session, including:

Creating, compiling, and running simple C programs
Handling different data types available in C
Performing arithmetic operations
Formatted input and output operations
Character input and output operations
Logical operations, decision-making programs, and loops
User-defined and recursive functions
Automatic, global, and static variables
Arrays and matrices (single and multidimensional)
Pointers, dynamic memory allocation, and deallocation
String manipulation using various string handling functions
Structures and files for record-keeping (students, employees, etc.)

Text Books

Byron Gottfried: Programming with C, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Education
Herbert Schildt: C The Complete Reference, Fourth Edition, Osborne/McGraw Hill Publication

Reference Books

Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel: C: How to Program, Eighth Edition, Pearson Publication
Al Kelley, Ira Pohl: A Book on C, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education
Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie: The C Programming Language, Second Edition, PHI Publication
Ajay Mittal: Programming in C: A Practical Approach, Pearson Publication
Stephen G. Kochan: Programming in C, CBS Publishers & Distributors
E. Balagurusamy: Programming in ANSI C, Third Edition, TMH Publishing

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